{"id":4166,"date":"2019-11-20T00:00:42","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T15:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rie.london\/?p=4166"},"modified":"2019-11-18T03:03:48","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T18:03:48","slug":"exponential-growth-%e6%8c%87%e6%95%b0%e9%96%a2%e6%95%b0%e7%9a%84%e6%88%90%e9%95%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rie.london\/en\/blog\/en-ja-terminology-glossary\/4166","title":{"rendered":"exponential growth = \u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5148\u65e5\u306e\u30d6\u30ea\u30e5\u30c3\u30bb\u30eb\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7e41\u5fd9\u671f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3001\u6e96\u5099\u306b\u5145\u3066\u3089\u308c\u308b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u3054\u304f\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u524d\u65e5\u306e\u591c\u9045\u304f\u307e\u3067\u4ed6\u306e\u4ed5\u4e8b\u304c\u9023\u65e5\u3067\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3089\u52b9\u7387\u826f\u304f\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3092\u306f\u304b\u308a\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u4e88\u3081\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u6642\u9593\u306b\u96c6\u4e2d\u3057\u3066\u8cc7\u6599\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u30a2\u30ce\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u56de\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u304a\u4ed5\u4e8b\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u3068\u3066\u3082\u52a9\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5074\u306e\u62c5\u5f53\u5b98\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u65e5\u82f1\u5bfe\u8a33\u3067\u8981\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6075\u307e\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u305d\u3046\u305d\u3046\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3002\u6e96\u5099\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u304b\u3067\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u3088\u304f\u512a\u5148\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3057\u3066\u6e96\u5099\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\uff08\u6e80\u8db3\u306b\u5168\u90e8\u7d42\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff09\u3053\u3068\u304c\u9ad8\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7d71\u8a08\u3084\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u3082\u767b\u5834\u3059\u308b exponential (growth)<\/strong><\/span> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

exponential growth = \u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff08v. \u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\uff09<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Humans are the most populous large mammal on Earth today, and probably in all of geological history. This\u00a0World Population Day<\/span><\/a>, humans number in the vicinity of\u00a07.5<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to\u00a07.6 billion<\/span><\/a>\u00a0individuals.<\/span> [7.7 billions as of 2019]
\n<\/span>\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u3067\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u6570\u304c\u81a8\u308c\u4e0a\u304c\u3063\u305f\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u985e\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u305f2018\u5e74\u306e\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u4eba\u53e3\u304c75\u5104\u3068\u308276\u5104\u3068\u3082\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3001\u4eca\u5e74\uff082019\u5e74\uff09\u306e\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u30c7\u30fc\uff08World Population Day\uff09\u300d<\/b>\u3067\u306f77\u5104\u306b\u3082\u4e0a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Can the Earth support this many people indefinitely? What will happen if we do nothing to manage future\u00a0population growth<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and total resource use? These complex questions are ecological, political, ethical \u2013 and urgent. Simple mathematics shows why, shedding light on our species’ ecological footprint.
\n<\/span>\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u4eba\u53e3\u304c\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3001\u5730\u7403\u306f\u672a\u6765\u6c38\u52ab\u306b\u53d7\u5bb9\u3057\u5207\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u4eba\u53e3\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u7dcf\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u304b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u502b\u7406\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u304c\u6025\u304c\u308c\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7c21\u5358\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306b\u6570\u5b66\u3067\u4eba\u985e\u306e\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u5ea6\uff08footprint\uff09\u306b\u5149\u3092\u5f53\u3066\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

The mathematics of population growth: In an environment with unlimited natural resources,\u00a0population<\/span><\/a>\u00a0size\u00a0grows exponentially<\/span><\/a>. One characteristic feature of\u00a0exponential growth<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is the time a population takes to double in size. Exponential growth tends to start slowly, sneaking up before ballooning in just a few doublings.
\n<\/span>\u5929\u7136\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c\u7121\u5236\u9650\u306b\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u306f\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u4eba\u53e3\u304c\uff12\u500d\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577\u306f\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306f\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3058\u308f\u3058\u308f\u3068\u5897\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\u500d\u5897\u3059\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u51fa\u5178URL\u3011
\nhttps:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2018-07-billion-countinghow-humans-earth.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3010\u89e3\u8aac\u3011<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577<\/b>\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u91cf\u304c\u5897\u5927\u3059\u308b\u901f\u3055\u304c\u5897\u5927\u3059\u308b\u91cf\u306b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3059\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3042\u308a\u3001\u300c\u9006\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ed8\u3051\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b\u7528\u8a9e\u306b\u5bfe\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577<\/b>\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306b\u305b\u3088\u6210\u9577\u66f2\u7dda\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3068\u304d\u306e\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7528\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u8868\u73fe\u306a\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u8033\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8a9e\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5370\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u6307\u6570\u3068\u5bfe\u6570\u3001\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u5bfe\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066
\n<\/b><\/span>\u6307\u6570\u3068\u5bfe\u6570\u306f\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002
\n\u5bfe\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306ex\u8ef8\u3068y\u8ef8\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002
\n\uff08https:\/\/ab.sinryow.net\/lesson\/shisu.html<\/span><\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

\u201cExponential growth<\/b>\u00a0occurs when the birth rate\u00a0in a<\/b>\u00a0specific time period is continuous. … Logistic\u00a0growth<\/b>\u00a0occurs when the population rapidly increases in size until it reaches a certain point, called the carrying capacity.<\/b> At this time, the resources are not enough to support the population.\u201d
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u6307\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3068\u306f\u51fa\u751f\u6570\u306a\u3069\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u671f\u9593\u30fb\u6642\u671f\u306f\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u5bfe\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3068\u306f\u6700\u521d\u304b\u3089\u98fd\u548c\u70b9\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3053\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4eba\u53e3\u306a\u3069\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\u304c\u8870\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Logarithmic
Logarithmic graph\uff08\u5bfe\u6570\u95a2\u6570\u7684\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201c\u74b0\u5883\u53ce\u5bb9\u529b<\/b>\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u3053\u306b\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3067\u304d\u308b\u751f\u7269<\/b>\u306e\u6700\u5927\u91cf\u3002 \u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u751f\u7269<\/b>\u7fa4\u96c6\u306e\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u500b\u4f53\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff09\u304c\u98fd\u548c\u306b\u9054\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u500b\u4f53\u6570\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u201d\uff08Weblio\uff09<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cThe\u00a0carrying capacity<\/b>\u00a0of a biological\u00a0species<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in an\u00a0environment<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food,\u00a0habitat<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0water<\/span><\/a>, and other\u00a0necessities available<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in the environment.\u201c
\n<\/span>\uff08https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carrying_capacity<\/span><\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n